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What are skills, what do they do, and how did they get here?

Information processing and the evolution of skills

From the perspective of information processing, evolution gives us three views of the skilled actions of individuals within a species. One is as a skill encoded in DNA and passed from one generation to the next. The second is as a skill encoded in the brain, a capability for action that is available throughout the mature life-span of the individual. The third is as an action at a moment in time that exhibits the skill.

From an information content perspective, the DNA view and the brain view are equivalent. The skill in DNA is a blueprint or specification of the skill representation in the brain.

An action is a sequence of events that happen over time. The first part of the action can be in the past when the last part of the action is still in the future. The skill blueprint in the brain, on the other hand, is all there at the same time. A skill may be used repeatedly or it may never be used. Repeated applications of the same skill will result in actions that are similar but not identical.

I see applying a skill as a special brain-based process that 'translates' the brain representation of the skill into action. This 'translation' has to 'expand' the compressed encoding of the skill into 'instructions' to the muscles to move the joints of the skeleton. There are conditions that integrate visual information and that adapt the abstract instructions into detailed instructions for actions that fit the current circumstances.

Diagram: Within-individual skills & action: from DNA through the brain to muscles

I see the process of applying a skill as a special capability, i.e. as a special skill, that is DNA-based and brain-based like all other skills. In essence it is an information processing skill that instructs the brain how to translate a skill-representation into action.

The DNA blueprint of a skill is all that the individual passes to the next generation. It seems unlikely that the brain representation or application of the skill affects the DNA being passed to the next generation. I see evolution as working the same way for skills as for the skeleton or other structures and functions. Evolution 'improves' a skill for the species over many generations, it does not 'improve' or benefit the single individual. In other words, the information relative to a single individual is conserved.

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