1.2.4 Learning, adaptation, and mimicry

We hypothesize that the secondary processes also reappear during the development of the individual.

Positive reinforcement for learning

Animal psychologists have long investigated learning in animals that rewards selective behaviour, and where that behaviour then increases in frequency.

Negative reinforcement for learning

Negative reinforcement experiments can fail if the animal 'freezes', i.e. if the random movement (or curiosity and exploration) is suppressed.